Environment: VC6, MFC, Win95/98/NT/2000/XP
Introduction
You can always get the font name of one of your installed fonts. But what if the font is still not installed in the system and you want to know its name programmatically? Of course, you can temporarily add it to your system fonts and get its properties then (hmm… but how you will find now what the installed font was?). Well, maybe you can think about other ways, but I decided to look for specifications of the TrueType and OpenType fonts file. Fortunately, Microsoft has very good articles on these files. If you want to know more about them, look at the end of this article for links.
Writing the Code
Because all that interested me (and you in most cases) is the font name only and not all the other properties in the TTF file, our code will be simple (actually only one function). The function retrieves the font name from a given file and returns it to calling program.
Data types definition
Because there are no structures defined in Windows header files (or I didn’t find them), we’ll make our own. We need four structures and two macros (I will explain later about them).
A TTF file consists of several tables; each table represents some data, regarding of its type. Some tables are required; some are not. We actually need only one of them, called “name;” for example, the names table. This is the place where the font information is stored, such as font name, copyright, trademark, and more.
//This is the TTF file header typedef struct _tagTT_OFFSET_TABLE{ USHORT uMajorVersion; USHORT uMinorVersion; USHORT uNumOfTables; USHORT uSearchRange; USHORT uEntrySelector; USHORT uRangeShift; }TT_OFFSET_TABLE; //Tables in the TTF file and their placement and name (tag) typedef struct _tagTT_TABLE_DIRECTORY{ char szTag[4]; //table name ULONG uCheckSum; //Check sum ULONG uOffset; //Offset from beginning of file ULONG uLength; //length of the table in bytes }TT_TABLE_DIRECTORY; //Header of the names table typedef struct _tagTT_NAME_TABLE_HEADER{ USHORT uFSelector; //format selector. Always 0 USHORT uNRCount; //Name Records count USHORT uStorageOffset; //Offset for strings storage, from //start of the table }TT_NAME_TABLE_HEADER; //Records in the names table typedef struct _tagTT_NAME_RECORD{ USHORT uPlatformID; USHORT uEncodingID; USHORT uLanguageID; USHORT uNameID; USHORT uStringLength; USHORT uStringOffset; //from start of storage area }TT_NAME_RECORD;
Macros
Now, the only thing left is the macros I talked about before. The macros definition looks like this:
#define SWAPWORD(x) MAKEWORD(HIBYTE(x), LOBYTE(x)) #define SWAPLONG(x) MAKELONG(SWAPWORD(HIWORD(x)),SWAPWORD(LOWORD(x)))
Now what is that? The reason we need those macros is that TTF files are stored in big-Endian format, unlike in Windows systems, where all files are in Little-Endian. Yeah, I know it sounds silly with all those “endians.” Big Endian is used by Motorola processors, for example, where the higher byte is stored first; while in Little Endian (for Intel processors), the higher byte is the last. For example, you have an integer variable 1 (which is 4 bytes long). Try to save it to a file and open it in any hexadecimal editor. You will see:
01 00 00 00 //Little Endian - Intel
This is Little Endian system (Intel). But for Big-Endian (Motorola), the number will be stored vise versa, as in this example:
00 00 00 01 //Big Endian - Motorola
So, these formats are incompatible. And, TTF files, as I said, are stored in Motorola style (Big Endian). That’s why we need those two macros to rearrange bytes in variables retrieved from TrueType font files.
Reading the file
Now we are prepared to read the TTF file, so let’s get started. First of all, we need to read the file header (TT_OFFSET_TABLE
structure):
CFile f; CString csRetVal; //lpszFilePath is the path to our font file if(f.Open(lpszFilePath, CFile::modeRead|CFile::shareDenyWrite)){ //define and read file header TT_OFFSET_TABLE ttOffsetTable; f.Read(&ttOffsetTable, sizeof(TT_OFFSET_TABLE)); //remember to rearrange bytes in the field you're going to use ttOffsetTable.uNumOfTables = SWAPWORD(ttOffsetTable.uNumOfTables); ttOffsetTable.uMajorVersion = SWAPWORD(ttOffsetTable.uMajorVersion); ttOffsetTable.uMinorVersion = SWAPWORD(ttOffsetTable.uMinorVersion); //check if this is a TrueType font and the version is 1.0 if( ttOffsetTable.uMajorVersion != 1 || ttOffsetTable.uMinorVersion != 0) return csRetVal;
Right after the file header goes the Offsets Table. Here you can find an interesting offset table; in our case, “name.”
TT_TABLE_DIRECTORY tblDir; BOOL bFound = FALSE; CString csTemp; for(int i=0; i< ttOffsetTable.uNumOfTables; i++){ f.Read(&tblDir, sizeof(TT_TABLE_DIRECTORY)); csTemp.Empty(); //the table's tag cannot exceed 4 characters strncpy(csTemp.GetBuffer(4), tblDir.szTag, 4); csTemp.ReleaseBuffer(); if(csTemp.CompareNoCase(_T("name")) == 0){ //we found our table. Rearrange order and quit the loop bFound = TRUE; tblDir.uLength = SWAPLONG(tblDir.uLength); tblDir.uOffset = SWAPLONG(tblDir.uOffset); break; } }
We finally found the name’s table, so let’s read its header:
if(bFound){ //move to offset we got from Offsets Table f.Seek(tblDir.uOffset, CFile::begin); TT_NAME_TABLE_HEADER ttNTHeader; f.Read(&ttNTHeader, sizeof(TT_NAME_TABLE_HEADER)); //again, don't forget to swap bytes! ttNTHeader.uNRCount = SWAPWORD(ttNTHeader.uNRCount); ttNTHeader.uStorageOffset = SWAPWORD(ttNTHeader.uStorageOffset); TT_NAME_RECORD ttRecord; bFound = FALSE;
Right after the Names Table header go the records in it. So, we need to run through all records to find information interesting to us — such as the font name.
for(int i=0; i<ttNTHeader.uNRCount; i++){ f.Read(&ttRecord, sizeof(TT_NAME_RECORD)); ttRecord.uNameID = SWAPWORD(ttRecord.uNameID); //1 says that this is the font name. 0, for example, //determines copyright info if(ttRecord.uNameID == 1){ ttRecord.uStringLength = SWAPWORD(ttRecord.uStringLength); ttRecord.uStringOffset = SWAPWORD(ttRecord.uStringOffset); //save file position so we can return to continue with search int nPos = f.GetPosition(); f.Seek(tblDir.uOffset + ttRecord.uStringOffset + ttNTHeader.uStorageOffset, CFile::begin); f.Read(csTemp.GetBuffer(ttRecord.uStringLength + 1), ttRecord.uStringLength); csTemp.ReleaseBuffer(); //yes, still need to check if the font name is not empty //if it is, continue the search if(csTemp.GetLength() > 0){ csRetVal = csTemp; break; } f.Seek(nPos, CFile::begin); } }
That’s all! Now we can return csRetVal
that contains our font name. You can download the full working function and use it in your code. I also included a demo project with the same function, but customized a bit, so it also returned copyright and trademark information.
If you want to continue with TTF files, you can look at Microsoft’s specification on them. But remember that the deeper you go into TTF, the more differences between TrueType and OpenType you may find. Anyway, below are the links to articles about TTF.